ازياء - فساتين سهرة و مكياج و طبخ

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Using Adverb clauses to show time relationships
استخدام أشبه الجمل الزمنية و علاقتها بأزمنة الفعل

1-After\before:
إذا كانت محتواه في أشباه الجمل الزمنية نستخدم الحاضر و ليس المستقبل
من الخطأ القول
Wrong = I will leave before he will come.
و الصحيح القول
Correct = I will leave before he comes.

2-When:
عندما

تستخدم مع الحاضر و الماضي على السواء و تفترض وجود فعلين في الجملة
-I saw him when he arrived.
-When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
-When I got there, he had already left.
-When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
-When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.

3-while/as:
بينما

تستخدم مع الماضي المستمر للإشارة إلى استمرارية الفعل عند حدوث فعل آخر
-While I was walking home, it began to rain.
-As I was walking home, it began to rain.
-While he was playing, he broke his leg.
-As he was playing, he broke his leg.

4-By the time:
في الوقت الذي

تستخدم مع الفعل الذي أنجز قبل أن يحدث الفعل الآخر سواءً مع الحاضر أو الماضي
-By the time he arrived, we had already left.
-By the time he comes, we will already have left.
-By the time he finishes his work, I will call him.

5-Since:
منذ

تستخدم للإشارة إلى زمن حدوث الفعل من الماضي و حتى الحاضر. و تستخدم حصراً مع الماضي التام
-She hasn’t visited us since last spring.
-I haven’t seen him since he left this morning.

6-Until\till:
حتى

تستخدم للإشارة إلى مدة من الزمن من الماضي و حتى الحاضر
-We stayed there until we finished our work.
-We stayed there till we finished our work.

7-As soon as\once:
حالما – عندما

تستخدم للإشارة إلى فعل سيحدث بعد فعل آخر
-As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
-Once it stops raining, we will leave.

8-As long as\so long as:
طالما

تستخدم للإشارة إلى مدة من الزمن من بدايتها و حتى نهايتها و تفترض وجود فعلين متلازمين
-I will never speak to him again as long as I live.
-I will never speak to him again so long as I live.

9-Whenever\every time:
كلما – كل مرة

و تشير إلى عادة أو تقليد
-Whenever I see her, I say hello.
-Every time I see her, I say hello.
-Whenever I visit him, he is busy.

10-The (first – second – third – last – next) time:
تستخدم لتقديم أشباه الجمل الظرفية

-The first time I went to New York, I went to an opera.
-I saw two plays the last time I went to New York.
-The next time I go to New York, I’m going to see a ballet.
-He was sick the last time I saw him.
-The next time we play, we will win.