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:: كاتبة ألماسيّـة :: |
Parts of speech
Parts of speech
To know for sure what part of speech a word is , we have to look not only at the word itself but also at its meaning ,position, and use in a sentence. Nouns Definition :- A nouns is a word used to refer to people, animals ,s, substances, states, events and feelings. Nouns can be a subject or an of a verb , Can be modified by an adjective , can take an article or determiner , and follow a preposition. Examples In school A white house The dog Table Affixes :- Derivational English nouns often take suffixes ( attached in the end ) . Examples Ment ( ment) , ation ( expectation) , hood ( neighborhood) , ism ( socialism) :- Noun Plurals The general rule is to add ( s ) to the noun in singular . for Examples Book – Books Car – Cars *When the singular noun ends in :- ( sh , ch , s , x , o ) we form their plural from by adding ( es ). For Examples sandwich – sandwiches brush – brushes bus – buses box – boxes potato – potatoes *When the singular noun ends in ( y) we change the ( y) for ( i) and then add ( es) to from the plural from . But do not change the( y) for ( ies) to from the plural when the singular noun ends in ( y) preceded by a vowel . For Examples study – studies day – days toy – toys *However, there are many irregular nouns which do not from the plural in this way . For Examples Woman– Women Child – children :- Noun Gender Many English nouns would change from depending on their gender . For Examples Actor – Actress Waiter – Wa  essTypes of Noun Proper nouns :- Are the names of specific people , or places , such as John , France . They usually begin with a capital letter . Common nouns :- Are general names such as person , mansion , and book . Abstract nouns :- Refer to ideas or qualities such as liberty and truth. Countable nouns :- Refer to thing which can be counted ( can be singular or plural . Uncountable nouns :- Refer to some groups of countable nouns , substances , feelings and types of activity ( can only be singular) . pronouns Definition :- Takes the place of a noun , to avoid repeating the noun . Examples He , she, it , you , they , we Verbs Definition :- Specifies an action or links the subject to a complement . Verbs can follow auxiliaries and models such as will, have , am , being , would, can , been . etc. The tense of a verb indicates the time when the action happened , past, present or future. Examples Take , is , go , fire Adjective Definition :- Modifies a noun or modified by the adverb very. Examples Useful , black skirt Very good Affixes :- English adjectives often take suffixes ( attached in the end ) . Examples ive ( indicative) , able ( readable) , ish ( childish) , some ( tiresome), ful ( wishful) , ly ( friendly) , less ( useless) Adjectives have three degrees: Positive , comparative , and superlative Examples Old , older, oldest Adverb Definition :- Most adverbs in English are formed by adding – ly to an Adjective an adverb is a word that modifies the meaning of a verb , and an adjective . Adverb spelling notes Adjectives ending -l still -ly ; careful- carefully Adjectives ending -y still -ily ;lucky- luckily Adverbs of manner Modify a verb to describe the way the action is done. Examples She did the work carefully Adverbs modifying adjectives An adjective can be modified by an adverb , which precedes the adjective . Examples That’s really good It was a very difficult time for all of us Prepositions Definition :- It usually comes before a noun , pronoun or noun phrase . it joins the noun to some other part of sentence . Examples To , form , under , over , with , by , at , above , before , after , near , on , off, for, in , into , of , during , across , without , since , until. Conjunction Definition :- Conjunctions are the words we use to link or join two or more sentences together or two words within the same sentence . The most common conjunctions in English are : and , but ,or , because , neither.. nor , either. Examples We eat at home and work in the office ( The conjunction "and" joins the sentences " we eat at home" with" we work in the office" ) . Interjections Definition :- It is an unusual kind of word , because it often stands alone . Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise , and they are usually followed by exclamation marks . Examples Ouch! , Hello! , Hurray! , Oh no! , Ha! , hey! , well! , OMG!, right! . Determiners It contains a number of subcategories . Deictic Articles : This , That , These , Those Quantifiers : Every , some , most , all , each , any , no ( Cardinal) numeral : One , two , three , four , etc Possessive pronouns : My , your , his , its , etc Some wh- question words : Which , whose Articles Definition :- English has two types of articles : definite ( the ) and indefinite ( a , an ) The use of these articles depends on whether you are referring to any member of a group , or to a specific member of group : Indefinite articles – a and an ( determiners ) A and An are the indefinite articles . They refer to something not specifically known to the person you are communicating with . A and An are used before nouns that introduce something or someone you have not mentioned before Examples I ate an apple this morning I bought a pet for my son *You use an when the noun you are referring to begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u ) Exception If the next word begins with a consonant sound when we say it , for example , "university" then we use a . If the next word begins with a vowel sound when we say it , for example , "hour" then we use an Definite articles – the ( determiners ) You use the when you know that the listener knows what particular person/ thing you are talking a bout . Examples The dog ( that specific dog ) The apple (that specific apple) *You should also use the when you have already mentioned the thing you are talking a bout . Examples She's got two children ; a girl and a boy . The girl is eight and the boy is fourteen . *We use the to talk about geographical points on the globe . Examples The Middle East , the West *We use the to talk about rivers , oceans and seas . Examples The Nile , the Pacific *We also use the before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing . Examples The rain , the sun , the wind *However if you want to describe a particular instance of these you should use ( a , an ) . Examples " "There's a cold wind blowing / I could hear the wind"" مواضيع ذات صلة |
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رد: Parts of speech
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